The 2024 Economic Appraisal and Cost–Benefit Analysis of Rail Baltica confirms the project remains economically justified despite substantial cost increases. The updated assessment estimates direct net socio-economic benefits of approximately €6.6 billion over the project lifecycle, with wider indirect GDP impacts between €15.5 billion and €23.5 billion across the Baltic States. Passenger transport accounts for the majority of benefits, followed by environmental improvements and freight gains.
However, total investment costs have risen significantly due to inflation, expanded scope, and refined technical designs. The first implementation phase to 2030 is estimated at about €15.3 billion, with total projected costs potentially reaching €23.8 billion.
Overall, the appraisal concludes that Rail Baltica continues to deliver positive economic returns, supporting regional integration, improved connectivity, and long-term economic growth in the Baltic region.
